A water pipe usually splits because water froze and expanded inside it, corrosion thinned the pipe wall, water pressure is too high, repeated water hammer has stressed the joints, or the pipe was damaged by a nail, screw, or shifting structure. Age often makes each of these more likely.
Freezing
Water expands as it turns to ice. When a pipe freezes, pressure builds between the ice and a closed faucet until the pipe gives way. Pipes along outside walls, in garages, crawl spaces, and unheated rooms are most at risk. The split may not leak until the ice melts.
Corrosion and Age
Galvanized steel pipes can rust from the inside, and copper can develop pinholes over many years. As the metal thins, the pipe weakens. A small pinhole leak can be a warning that a larger split may follow. If your home has older pipes, keep an eye out for rust stains, green crust, or damp spots along visible lines.
Pressure and Water Hammer
Household water pressure that is too high puts constant stress on pipes and fittings. Water hammer, the loud bang when a valve shuts quickly, sends a shock through the line each time. Over time, both can loosen joints and crack weak spots. A plumber can measure your pressure and suggest a pressure reducing valve or other fix if needed.
Physical Damage
Pipes can be punctured during remodeling, while hanging shelves, or when flooring is replaced. Settling of the house can also bend or strain lines.
To lower the risk, keep heat on in cold weather, insulate exposed pipes, and fix small leaks quickly.
If you notice signs of weak pipes, replacing the worn section before it splits can prevent a flood. Homes with older pipes may benefit from a pressure test and pipe assessment. Call JPR Plumbing at (833) 603-1840.